Raja Ampat sits at the heart of the Coral Triangle, the global center of marine biodiversity. The archipelago counts more than 1,500 islands across 40,000 square kilometers off the Bird's Head Peninsula of West Papua. These waters contain 75% of all known coral species (over 600), more than 1,600 reef fish species, and the densest marine life on the planet.
At Cape Kri in 2012, ichthyologist Gerald Allen recorded 374 fish species on a single dive: a world record that still stands. That is more species in 75 minutes than the entire Caribbean Sea contains. After a survey expedition, National Geographic called the region simply "Ultramarine."
What sustains it is convergence. The Pacific and Indian Oceans meet here, channeling nutrient-rich water through the straits between Waigeo, Batanta, Salawati, and Misool. The currents feed the food chain. The food chain feeds everything else.